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One of the most misunderstood topics among the people I encounter

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is the application of the scientific method for social concern.

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There's an old belief that was propagated throughout the centuries

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possibly due to an evolutionary cultural baggage that our species has

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apparently very difficult to drop

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according to which you can’t use science or the scientific method

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to figure out how to run a society.

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If you're not familiar with the scientific method

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and you don’t have the time to read the scientific literature

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go to a laboratory, talk to the industry professionals

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and researchers at universities

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you can find a very good 9-minute introduction called

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'The Scientific Method Made Easy' by YouTuber potholer54

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link in the video description.

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The topics of strategic resource management and ethics

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are closely interrelated

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and have been the subject of study by politicians, philosophers

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and economists in the past.

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More recently, it became really an interest of lawyers

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bankers and lobbyists.

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Here’s an interesting fact:

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Out of the 535 members of the US Congress

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only 22 have science or engineering backgrounds

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and of these, only two might be considered

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experienced scientists or engineers.

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Most politicians are lawyers or bankers who work for corporations.

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And it should be no surprise, that most of the laws that are passed

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are advantageous to the higher class.

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One could say that this is of little or no importance.

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Why should the people who manage society

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know how it actually operates on a technical level?

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Would we solve our problems

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if the people in power were all scientists?

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Some advocate a democratic system.

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Others believe that a technocracy is the only way

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to successfully manage a society.

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And then of course you have the free market advocates

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who hold a strong belief that the invisible hand

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and the power of competition is the driving force

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to make people happier and more productive.

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I will explain why all of these approaches

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are fallacious and display very obvious problems.

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Democracy's a word that's been used, and misused, for centuries

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so before I go into the details, let’s clarify a few concepts.

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The term comes from the Greek 'dēmokratía' (rules of the people)

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which was coined from the words 'dêmos' (people)

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and 'kratos' (power)

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in the middle of the 5th and 4th centuries BC

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to denote the political system

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that existed in some Greek city-states, such as Athens.

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To cut short, democracy is a form of government

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in which all citizens have an equal say

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in the decisions that affect their lives.

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It is important to point out

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that no country in the world uses

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or has ever used such a system.

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In the past, it was due to problems related to logistics.

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A small city of a few hundred citizens

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might have been able to use it

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but as numbers grew larger and larger

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it became increasingly more difficult.

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With today’s technology it would be, in principle, possible

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through systems of e-voting on the Internet

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but when one looks at the matter more deeply

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serious problems arise. There are literally hundreds of things

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that require a decision to be made.

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Are we to vote altogether, as a nation, on each of these issues?

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Supposing that was the case, how can we be sure

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that we took the best choice available at the moment?

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To understand why this isn’t such a good idea

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let’s use an analogy: Suppose you suddenly discover

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that you have a rash on your skin.

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What do you do?

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Would you call up all of your friends for a democratic vote

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on what actions should you take next?

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Most people would go to a qualified medical doctor

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who will redirect them to a dermatologist

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an allergist, or any other specialist

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who might be knowledgeable about the subject.

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The reason for this is that specialists

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use well-established scientific practices

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that can be studied, tested, checked and improved constantly.

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It is very clear to people when it comes to medicine

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what the course of action should be.

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That’s because it has a direct effect on their lives

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and they can see the result in a relatively short time.

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Yet, when it comes to the management of society at large

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they reject the idea that science has anything to say

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on this regard, having the illusion that the scientific method

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is oblivious to the inner workings of society.

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At this point, one might think that a technocracy

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a form of government in which engineers, scientists

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health professionals and other technical experts

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are in control of decision-making in their respective fields

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would be desirable.

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While, in principle, this is partly true

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a technocratic government has other, more insidious problems

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than a democracy.

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Simply having experts taking decisions

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does not ensure in any way that they will not be influenced

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by some powerful groups to act in a certain way

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at the expenses of the unaware majority.

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Humans are not born corrupt

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but when the conditions for corruption arise

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history shows, that they will tend to become corrupted.

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In the end, a ruling elite that makes all the decisions

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has no obligation to take into account the needs of all the people

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and has no interest in sharing this body of knowledge

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with the rest of society:

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an institution composed of a small minority

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self-sustaining and self-[perpetuating].

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Social systems, up until now

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have largely been based on ideologies

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and then imposed on the population

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with pretty much disastrous results.

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The rules were fairly simple:

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if you obeyed and agreed with the current ideology

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you were OK! If not, you were likely to imprisoned, killed

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or in the best case called a terrorist, or a fanatic.

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The most commonly employed strategy for those who have power

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to keep their power, is to maintain the population either ignorant

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fearful, distracted, or a combination of those.

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A technocratic system, in and of itself, is no better

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than any other form of government

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if certain conditions do not precede

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the newly created system of governance.

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What exactly are these conditions?

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Number one: No form of government should be put in place

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against the will of the people.

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Often I get asked "What would you do if most people

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don’t want to participate in this system, or if they don’t like it?"

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This is a non-existent problem

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since the new system will only be used

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if it becomes emergent from the zeitgeist of society:

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the general cultural trend

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that underlies the basic values at the given time.

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If the values don’t change, then nothing will happen.

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Billions of people will continue to starve

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and have their access to the necessities of life refused

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while the richest 1% keeps accumulating more and more wealth

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or, in other words, business as usual.

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Number two: Everybody should get free access to relevant education.

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The only way to ensure that a small elite

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does not take advantage of the situation

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is for all to be scientifically literate.

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This does not mean that everybody should be a scientist

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but rather, that everybody should be able to understand

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how the processes of decision-making work

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and they should be given all the tools

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to be able to give a contribution, if they want to.

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The more people checking and cross-checking each others activities

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the more likely you are to have a fair and balanced social system.

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The more people are ignorant to the inner workings of society

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the more likely you end up with a corrupt aristocracy.

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Most rational people would agree, that if such conditions apply

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then the fear of a ruling elite

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or an institution imposing a way of living, is nonsensical.

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But the Internet is also house of all sorts of misconceptions

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twisted words and meaningless projections, as we will see.

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Of all the false dichotomies that people are enslaved to

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this has to be one of my favourites:

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"There's no scientific theory on whether

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you should use nuclear power or solar panels.

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You are comparing science with politics

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and morality, and that's absurd!

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Science, and the scientific method

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does NOT tell you which option to choose."

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Of course, science will tell you which option to choose from

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according to the data provided, and your initial intentions.

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If you don’t know how the process works

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I will attempt to explain it for you in very simple terms.

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You start by asking yourself, what is the desired result?

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That is, what is your end goal

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and which conditions need to be satisfied to reach it?

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Yes, you do have to start from somewhere

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and that's what we call the basic values of a society:

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something that we all have to agree on

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that is beneficial for us. Generally speaking

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you want to maximise the well-being of everybody

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and that needs to be adapted according to the situation.

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For example, The Zeitgeist Movement

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is a sustainability-advocacy organization

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and recognizes that all countries must disarm

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and learn to share resources and ideas

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if we expect to survive in the long run

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hence the solutions arrived at, and promoted

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are in the interest to help everyone on the planet

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not a selected group.

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One could always argue that peace, sustainability and prosperity

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are not desirable conditions

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and that they prefer poverty, corruption, pollution

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war and mass-starvation.

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If you do, I don’t know what you're talking about.

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Let’s go back to our example.

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In this particular case, the desired result

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is to produce the  maximum amount of energy

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in the most sustainable, efficient and responsible way possible.

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Let’s compare the two approaches that are at stake:

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the scientific method and the current socio-political system.

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This method is fairly straightforward and simple to describe

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but for some reason, very hard for the general public to understand.

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First, you collect all the data available:

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studies, peer-review papers, projections

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analysis of currently working technologies

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anything that you can find.

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It has to be reliable and as objective as possible.

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It is utterly futile to pretend that you can achieve

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absolute objectivity;

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errors may always creep in.

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That is why we use the process of peer review and large samples.

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Next, you simulate all the possible scenarios

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according to the data available:

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what are the environmental impacts of extraction

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production, usage and disposal of a particular technology;

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what are the raw costs of production in terms of energy, materials;

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what is the availability of each energy source over time.

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The end result will be a list of desired values and coefficients

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which will tell you what particular technology you want to use.

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It may be, that for a particular geographical area

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one will be favored over another, due to the topology of the place

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the involvement of the local communities and many other factors.

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What is sure, is that it won’t be a one-size-fits-all answer

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but rather, a personalized result

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that changes accordingly to the initial conditions.

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Let’s see how things are decided

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in the current socio-political structure.

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First, you start by getting yourself elected. Yes!

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It matters not whether you have any technical expertise, understanding

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or even knowledge of how to solve the problem at hand.

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This is a popularity contest!

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As such, the following rules of the game apply:

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the greater the amount of money at your disposal for your campaign

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the greater the probability of success.

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In the process, you're going to have to accept compromises

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and donations, the great majority of which

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will come from multinational corporations and banks

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that will ask for your obedient cooperation when the time comes.

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You gather up a group of scientists and technicians

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for a report on the particular topic

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of which you have no technical understanding

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and cannot evaluate the validity of the results provided.

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Most of these scientists and specialists

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are inside men and women from the corporations

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that financed your very political campaign

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and act on the direct interest of their stockholders

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not to the solid, scientific evidence

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in the interest of all the people, and of the planet.

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In the end, what matters most

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is that the expected profits from banks and corporations

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are stable and solid.

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The stockholders will generously repay you for your efforts

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while a media campaign paid by your investors

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will secure you a sure victory in the next election.

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The reality is that the current, infinite, economic growth paradigm

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is not only mathematically unsustainable

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but it is ecologically detrimental.

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While people can debate the theoretical nature of capitalism

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and how it's supposed to function, one thing is historically clear:

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It perpetuates and requires constant growth and consumption.

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The entire basis of the market system isn't the intelligent management

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of our mostly finite resources on the planet

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but rather the perpetual extraction and consumption of them

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for the sake of profit and 'economic growth'.

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There are other issues that need to be addressed.

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With this video I merely wanted to show the basic reasoning

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behind the use of the scientific method for social concern.

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In the next videos I shall go into the details

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and try to resolve some of the doubts that might emerge.

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Please keep in mind a few facts:

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This, like science, is an emergent process.

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Mistakes can always happen, and as they do

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they will be corrected and the theory will be upgraded.

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This is not a search for perfection.

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Understanding science means understanding that perfect systems

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when talking about the natural world, are an oxymoron.

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All we can do is to strive for a better theory

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which can be tested and changed accordingly.

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This is why the word 'proof'

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is relegated to the fields of mathematics and logic.

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In science we have theories, models that are consistent

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with the body of observational knowledge available.

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I am a human being, and as such I can be wrong. Oh yes!

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For that reason, I am open for discussion

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and clarification of any of the points I make.

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It may be that I miss something, misinterpret some data

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have a logical fallacy in the reasoning, or anything else.

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If you do see any of these things occurring, please point them out

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in a coherent argument that I can check and verify.

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"I conclude your reasoning blocked by your sect/cult."

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No, this does not count as a coherent argument.

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Let’s see if I can find something else:

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"You sound more like a brainwashed cult follower, than a scientist."

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No, that’s not that either. If this is so hard to grasp

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I'll make a video on what a cult is

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so that you might stop embarrassing yourself in the future

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by showing your lack of understanding

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of what the word cult means and how it should be used.

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In the meantime I invite everyone to post their comments

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and preferably the video responses in a concise and clear manner.

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Hopefully we can get a genuine discussion started.

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Until next time. Peace!